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The CYSA+ Audio Course is your complete, exam-focused companion for mastering the CompTIA Cybersecurity Analyst (CYSA+) certification. Designed for learners who are always on the move, this Audio Course transforms the official exam objectives into clear, structured, and easy-to-follow lessons. Each episode helps you understand, retain, and apply key cybersecurity analysis skills—covering threat detection, vulnerability management, security architecture, and incident response. Whether you’re ...
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Every incident response process must end with two critical questions: What went wrong? And how do we prevent it next time? In this final episode of Domain 4, we explore the structure and value of root cause analysis (RCA) and the metrics analysts use to evaluate incident response performance. You'll learn techniques for identifying the initial fail…
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When a breach crosses a legal threshold, reporting to regulators or law enforcement may be required. In this episode, we examine the processes and obligations associated with regulatory reporting under frameworks like GDPR, HIPAA, PCI DSS, and state-level data breach laws. You’ll learn what types of incidents trigger mandatory disclosure, how quick…
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Sometimes the most difficult part of a security incident isn’t stopping the threat—it’s explaining what happened to the people affected. In this episode, we explore how organizations communicate with customers, partners, and the media during and after an incident. You’ll learn what kinds of disclosures are required, what language builds trust, and …
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Communication during a security incident isn't just internal—it can affect your company’s reputation, legal standing, and customer trust. In this episode, we examine how security teams coordinate with legal departments and public relations professionals to craft official statements and limit liability. You'll learn how analysts contribute to this p…
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When the incident is over, the reporting begins. In this episode, we explore how security analysts write effective incident response reports that document what happened, how it was discovered, what actions were taken, and what outcomes resulted. You’ll learn how to construct a clear executive summary, provide a precise who-what-when-where-why break…
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Not every alert becomes an incident—but when one does, it needs to be declared formally and escalated swiftly. In this episode, we walk through the process of incident declaration, including the criteria used to define what qualifies as an incident and the steps analysts take to classify severity. You’ll learn how escalation procedures are triggere…
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During an incident, clear and timely communication becomes a matter of urgency—not just best practice. In this episode, we cover how security analysts coordinate communication across teams and leadership tiers when responding to security events. You’ll learn how to identify the right stakeholders based on the severity and scope of the incident, and…
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Not all stakeholders need the same level of technical detail—but all of them need accurate, timely, and actionable reporting. In this episode, we explore how analysts identify and tailor communication for different stakeholder groups during the vulnerability management process. You’ll learn who needs to know what—from system administrators and deve…
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You can’t improve what you don’t measure. In this episode, we focus on key performance indicators (KPIs) and metrics used to evaluate the effectiveness of vulnerability management programs. You’ll learn how metrics like vulnerability age, remediation time, recurrence rates, and vulnerability density across asset classes are used to benchmark perfor…
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Even when vulnerabilities are known and documented, remediation doesn’t always move forward. In this episode, we examine the most common inhibitors to remediation—technical, procedural, and political obstacles that delay or prevent action. You’ll learn how factors like legacy systems, proprietary dependencies, business process interruptions, organi…
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Once vulnerabilities are identified, the work isn’t done—it’s just beginning. In this episode, we explore how analysts develop and communicate action plans for addressing discovered risks. You’ll learn how patching schedules, configuration changes, user awareness efforts, and compensating controls are communicated clearly to technical teams, projec…
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Security isn't just about stopping threats—it's also about proving due diligence. In this episode, we explore how security teams create and interpret compliance reports aligned with frameworks like PCI DSS, HIPAA, NIST 800-53, and ISO 27001. You’ll learn how reports are structured to demonstrate adherence to technical controls, timelines, audit req…
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In this episode, we break down the core components of a vulnerability management report. You’ll learn how to organize and present data on discovered vulnerabilities, affected assets, associated risk scores, remediation efforts, recurrence frequency, and mitigation timelines. We explain how to structure reports for different audiences—whether it's a…
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Welcome to Domain 4 of the CySA+ PrepCast. In this episode, we introduce the principles of reporting and communication—critical soft skills that define how technical findings are translated into business decisions. You’ll learn why analysts must be effective communicators, how reporting ties into regulatory requirements, and what makes security met…
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Once the smoke clears, the real improvement begins. In this episode, we explore the post-incident phase of the incident response lifecycle. You’ll learn how forensic analysis is conducted to uncover technical root causes, how timeline reconstruction helps validate scope and sequence, and how organizations document lessons learned to avoid repeating…
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The best incident response doesn’t start with detection—it starts with preparation. In this episode, we walk through the preparation phase of the incident response lifecycle, focusing on how organizations create, document, and test their response plans. You’ll learn about IR playbooks, tabletop exercises, escalation matrices, and readiness assessme…
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Detecting an incident is only the beginning. In this episode, we examine the containment, eradication, and recovery phases of incident response—what they are, how they differ, and how they build upon one another to restore a secure state. You’ll learn how containment isolates the threat, eradication removes it from the environment, and recovery bri…
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Raw data becomes actionable intelligence when it’s properly analyzed. In this episode, we focus on the data and log analysis process during an incident, explaining how analysts sift through event logs, network traffic, system alerts, and application telemetry to reconstruct what happened. You’ll learn how to use timeline creation, correlation engin…
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Once an incident is detected, preserving evidence becomes a top priority. In this episode, we walk through the evidence acquisition process—from initial identification to collection, storage, and transfer. You’ll learn what types of evidence are collected during security incidents, including disk images, memory dumps, log files, and email headers, …
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Detecting an attack starts with recognizing the signs. In this episode, we explore Indicators of Compromise (IoCs)—artifacts that suggest an organization may have been breached or is under active threat. You’ll learn how IoCs include file hashes, domain names, IP addresses, registry keys, and behavioral anomalies, and how analysts discover them dur…
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The OSSTMM is often overlooked—but it provides a rigorous, standards-based approach to security testing that aligns with the goals of CySA+ and many compliance frameworks. In this episode, we explain what the Open Source Security Testing Methodology Manual is, why it matters, and how it provides structure to everything from reconnaissance and vulne…
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In this episode, we explore the MITRE ATT&CK Framework—a living matrix of adversary behaviors that has transformed how cybersecurity professionals track and respond to attacks. You’ll learn how the framework maps tactics (the goals of an attacker) to techniques (the methods they use), and how analysts use ATT&CK to build detection logic, design thr…
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What happens when we move beyond events and look at the relationships between adversaries, capabilities, victims, and infrastructure? In this episode, we introduce the Diamond Model of Intrusion Analysis—a framework that gives analysts a structured way to examine threats by looking at key attributes and how they interact. You’ll learn how this mode…
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To stop an attack, you must understand its progression. In this episode, we explore the Lockheed Martin Cyber Kill Chain—a widely used framework that maps the stages of a cyberattack from initial reconnaissance through delivery, exploitation, command and control, and beyond. You’ll learn how attackers move through each phase, and how defenders can …
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Welcome to Domain 3 of the CySA+ PrepCast, where we move from prevention and vulnerability management into response and containment. In this episode, we provide an overview of what incident response means in modern organizations and how it’s structured in the CySA+ exam. You’ll learn how incident response differs from general troubleshooting, and w…
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Before moving forward, it’s time to reflect. In this comprehensive recap, we walk through the critical knowledge areas covered in Domain 2: Vulnerability Management. From scanning types and validation workflows to secure coding, asset prioritization, compensating controls, and risk decisions—you’ll get a structured review that reinforces everything…
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What if you could anticipate the attacker’s plan before they even launch it? In this episode, we introduce threat modeling as a method for identifying and prioritizing potential threats based on how applications and systems are designed. You’ll learn how threat modeling is performed using techniques like STRIDE, kill chain analysis, and data flow d…
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Security that begins in production is already behind schedule. In this episode, we take a holistic view of the Secure Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC), explaining how security is integrated into every phase of software creation—from planning and design to development, testing, deployment, and maintenance. You'll learn how threat modeling, secu…
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You don’t need to be a developer to influence secure code—but you do need to understand what secure coding looks like. In this episode, we break down the most important secure development practices that analysts should know when evaluating application risk or reviewing vulnerability reports. Topics include input validation, output encoding, secure …
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You can't protect what you can't see. In this episode, we explore the evolving discipline of attack surface management (ASM)—a proactive process that helps security teams identify, map, and reduce the ways in which an attacker could compromise an organization. You'll learn how ASM incorporates both internal and external assets, including shadow IT,…
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In a world where thousands of vulnerabilities exist, how do you decide which to address first? In this episode, we break down the art and science of vulnerability prioritization—how analysts combine CVSS scores, asset value, exploitability, and business context to triage effectively. You’ll learn how to identify which issues must be escalated to le…
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Cybersecurity doesn’t happen in a vacuum—it happens under governance. In this episode, we explain how policies, governance structures, and service-level objectives (SLOs) shape the work of the security analyst. You’ll learn how vulnerability management policies define scan frequency, remediation timelines, and exception criteria—and how governance …
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Effective vulnerability management is built on sound risk management principles. In this episode, we explore the four classic risk response strategies—accept, avoid, transfer, and mitigate—and how they apply to real-world cybersecurity scenarios. You'll learn how security analysts recommend and evaluate responses based on the nature of the vulnerab…
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Sometimes a vulnerability can’t be fixed—at least, not right away. In this episode, we explain how analysts and risk managers document and process exceptions: formal records of accepted risk where vulnerabilities are not remediated within standard timelines. You’ll learn when exceptions are appropriate, what approvals are required, and how expirati…
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Security teams can’t just apply patches whenever they want—especially in enterprise environments where uptime and availability are critical. In this episode, we explore how maintenance windows are scheduled, documented, and coordinated to apply updates without disrupting core business operations. You’ll learn how organizations balance risk reductio…
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Vulnerabilities don’t just exist—they persist, especially when patch and configuration management processes are weak. In this episode, we walk through the full lifecycle of patching and secure configuration: from initial discovery and testing, to staged deployment, validation, and rollback planning. You'll learn how patch management tools integrate…
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Not all security controls serve the same function. In this episode, we explain the various types of controls used across cybersecurity programs and why it’s important to understand their classification. You’ll learn the difference between managerial, operational, and technical controls—and how each can be preventative, detective, responsive, or cor…
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What happens when you can’t fix a vulnerability directly? In this episode, we introduce the concept of compensating controls—alternative safeguards put in place to reduce risk when a vulnerability cannot be immediately remediated. You’ll learn how network segmentation, monitoring, air gapping, and tightly scoped access policies are used to minimize…
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Sometimes attackers don’t need to upload malicious files—they just need to include them. In this episode, we explore Local File Inclusion (LFI) and Remote File Inclusion (RFI) vulnerabilities, which allow attackers to manipulate file paths in application inputs and force systems to load unintended or external code. You’ll learn how LFI can be used …
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Attackers often start with limited access—but they rarely stay there. In this episode, we break down privilege escalation vulnerabilities, which allow attackers to move from low-level accounts to administrative or root-level control. You’ll learn the difference between vertical and horizontal escalation, how flaws in permissions, service configurat…
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Few vulnerabilities are as critical—or as devastating—as remote code execution. In this episode, we explore how RCE vulnerabilities allow attackers to run arbitrary code on target systems, often with high privileges and zero user interaction. You’ll learn how RCE flaws emerge from input validation failures, memory corruption bugs, insecure deserial…
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Some of the most dangerous requests come from inside the house. In this episode, we unpack Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF), a vulnerability that allows attackers to trick a server into sending requests to internal services, external endpoints, or cloud metadata APIs. You’ll learn how attackers abuse server-side functionality to pivot into otherw…
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If attackers can bypass your login system, the rest of your defenses may not matter. In this episode, we explore identification and authentication failures such as broken login flows, weak password policies, exposed session tokens, and improper use of multifactor authentication (MFA). These flaws make it easy for attackers to impersonate users or h…
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Running outdated software isn't just inconvenient—it’s dangerous. In this episode, we explore the risks posed by end-of-life (EOL) systems and unsupported components, which often lack vendor patches, security updates, or compatibility with modern security tools. You'll learn how attackers specifically target legacy platforms due to known vulnerabil…
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Even the strongest tools can be rendered useless by poor configuration. In this episode, we explore how security misconfigurations—ranging from default credentials and exposed directories to verbose error messages and unrestricted administrative interfaces—create pathways for attackers. These issues often appear in cloud platforms, web servers, mob…
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Not all vulnerabilities are bugs—some are architectural. In this episode, we explore the concept of insecure design, a growing concern recognized in recent OWASP rankings. You’ll learn how poor design choices—such as excessive trust in client input, lack of threat modeling, or missing authorization layers—can create exploitable conditions even when…
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When input isn’t properly restricted, users can end up accessing far more than intended. In this episode, we break down directory traversal vulnerabilities—flaws that allow attackers to manipulate file paths and access sensitive files or directories outside of the intended web root. You’ll learn how inputs like ../ or encoded path characters can le…
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In this episode, we examine Cross-Site Request Forgery, or CSRF—a vulnerability that tricks authenticated users into executing unwanted actions on a web application. You’ll learn how attackers exploit user sessions by embedding malicious links or scripts in third-party sites, emails, or ads, effectively hijacking user privileges to perform unauthor…
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Injection vulnerabilities have been on the OWASP Top Ten for years—and for good reason. In this episode, we explain how SQL, command-line, and LDAP injection flaws allow attackers to manipulate input to execute unintended commands or access unauthorized data. You’ll learn the anatomy of a basic injection attack, how user input is weaponized, and wh…
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