We each live according to our own personal code of ethics but what moral principles guide our work? The 19 feature theme articles in this issue debate many of the ethical questions that confront us in programming, research, safeguarding and volunteering, and in our use of data, new technologies, messaging and images. Prepare to be enlightened, unsettled and challenged. This issue is being published in tribute to Barbara Harrell-Bond, founder of the Refugee Studies Centre and FMR, who died in ...
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Twenty Years of the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement (Forced Migration Review 59)
Oxford University
In the 20 years since they were launched, the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement have been of assistance to many States responding to internal displacement, and have been incorporated into many national and regional policies and laws. However, the scale of internal displacement today remains vast, and the impact on those who are displaced is immense. This issue includes 19 articles on the main feature theme of Twenty Years of the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement. See more ...
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Voluntary return in safety and with dignity as a durable solution to displacement has long been a core tenet of the international refugee regime. In the 23 articles on Return in this issue of FMR, authors explore various obstacles to achieving sustainable return, some of which are common to diverse situations of displacement while others are specific to certain contexts. Many of the authors discuss the need to guard against premature or forced return, and the risks that such return may entai ...
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Voluntary return in safety and with dignity has long been a core tenet of the international refugee regime. Voluntary return in safety and with dignity has long been a core tenet of the international refugee regime. In the 23 articles on ‘Return’ in this issue of FMR, authors explore various obstacles to achieving sustainable return, discuss the ne…
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FMR 62 - Shared obstacles to return: Rohingya and South Sudanese
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The common barriers to return in the cases of Rohingya refugees and South Sudanese IDPs prompt serious questions about how to ensure the safety and voluntariness of returns.Oleh Daniel P Sullivan
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FMR 62 - South Sudanese returns: perceptions and responses
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Gaining insight into the experiences and perceptions of refugees can help ensure programming is better able to support refugees’ durable return and reintegration.Oleh Catherine Huser, Andrew Cunningham, Christine Kamau, Mary Obara
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FMR 62 - Return decision making by refugees
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There are multiple factors influencing refugees’ decisions to return to their country of origin, not all of which reflect conventional wisdom.Oleh Chloe Sydney
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FMR 62 - Sri Lankan Tamil refugees in India: return or integration?
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For Tamil refugees, considerations of sustainability affect their decision to remain in India or return to Sri Lanka. Their views and aspirations must inform planning for both integration and repatriation.Oleh Amaya Valcárcel Silvela
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FMR 62 - Syrians in Germany: individuals’ reasons for returning or remaining
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Syrian refugees in Europe are not one homogenous group but are individuals and families from different parts of Syria who have different experiences in exile and different expectations around return.Oleh Ahmad Al Ajlan
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FMR 62 - Working with ‘stayee’ communities: learning from Eritrea
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Better understanding of the perceptions and living conditions of the communities into which returnees will arrive may facilitate better integration of those returning from displacement.Oleh Georgia Cole
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FMR 62 - Repatriation principles under pressure
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The laws and norms established by the international community to ensure that organised repatriation takes place in a way that protects the rights of refugees are increasingly being violated.Oleh Jeff Crisp
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FMR 62 - Durable solutions for returnee children
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Durable solutions frameworks for measuring progress towards sustainable return and reintegration fail to specifically consider children’s different needs and experiences.Oleh Stefanie Barratt, Marion Guillaume, Josiah Kaplan
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FMR 62 - Syrian refugees’ return from Lebanon
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Analysis of return practices in Lebanon reveal challenges to voluntary, safe and dignified return.Oleh Tamirace Fakhoury, Derya Ozkul
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FMR 62 - Encouraging Syrian return: Turkey’s fragmented approach
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Turkey’s approach to encouraging refugees to return to Syria risks jeopardising the safety and voluntariness of such returns.Oleh Zeynep Sahin Mencutek
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FMR 62 - The politics of return from Jordan to Syria
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Return preparedness of Syrian refugees has become a prominent issue in Jordan, but the prospect of return raises numerous concerns.Oleh Julia Morris
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FMR 62 - Rethinking Somali refugee solutions in Kenya
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Amid uncertain return conditions, the repatriation of Somali refugees from Kenya risks leading to instances of forced return. Alternative avenues, such as local integration, should be explored.Oleh Peter Kirui, Suzanne Francis
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FMR 62 - Educating for return: Somali refugees in Dadaab
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Finding a ‘durable’ solution for Somali refugees in Dadaab means ensuring they have the knowledge, capacity, confidence and qualifications required for meaningful, lasting return.Oleh Ochan Leomoi, Abdikadir Abikar, HaEun Kim
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FMR 62 - Forced to return? Facilitated return of refugees to Myanmar
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Despite recent political developments in Myanmar and difficult conditions in Thailand, there has been widespread and deep-seated reluctance among refugees to participate in the official facilitated return mechanism.Oleh Yuka Hasegawa
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FMR 62 - A premature attempt at cessation
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There are many lessons to be learned from UNHCR’s controversial – and ultimately reversed – decision to end refugee status for Burmese Chins in India and Malaysia.Oleh Hamsa Vijayaraghavan, Pallavi Saxena
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The Rohingya in Bangladesh and Syrians in Lebanon have different expectations of what repatriation ‘with dignity’ would entail.Oleh Kerrie Holloway
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FMR 62 - Minority return: the way home
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Studying cases of successful minority return may help determine what policies could help other potential returnees.Oleh Djordje Stefanovic, Neophytos Loizides
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FMR 62 - Legal preparedness for return to Syria
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Preparation in terms of legal rights is crucial for Syrian refugees who are planning to return.Oleh Martin Clutterbuck, Laura Cunial, Paola Barsanti, Tina Gewis
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FMR 62 - Return to Syria after evading conscription
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Syrian refugees who have evaded military service face barriers to return which call into question the viability and sustainability of other refugee returns.Oleh Ahmad Araman, Shaza Loutfi
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FMR 62 - IDPs of East Beirut versus the Lebanese State
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This year marks the thirtieth anniversary of the Taif agreement that formally ended the Lebanese Civil War of 1975–1990. Three decades later, some communities remain internally displaced because of the actions of the State.Oleh Diala Lteif
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FMR 62 - Emerging options for durable solutions in Darfur
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IDPs in Darfur continue to face difficulties in securing a durable solution to their displacement. Recent developments may offer new hope for some, but complex challenges remain.Oleh Zurab Elzarov
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FMR 62 - Political and economic reintegration: key to successful return
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Refugees and IDPs require national and international actors to make concerted efforts to ensure that they are successfully reintegrated into the economic, social and political landscapes of their countries of origin.Oleh Barbra N Lukunka, Peter de Clercq
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FMR 62 - Returns in complex environments: the case of South Sudan
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Humanitarian agencies must be extremely cautious about how they support returns and relocations to ensure that they avoid causing harm or allowing humanitarian assistance to be instrumentalised by political actors.Oleh Babette Schots, Garth Smith
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FMR 62 - Mini-feature - Preventing displacement, addressing root causes and the promise of the Global Compact on Refugees
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Preventing displacement by addressing its root causes requires a holistic approach and engagement by a wide range of actors. The starting point must be a better understanding of root causes and their complexity.Oleh Volker Türk
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FMR 62 - Mini-feature - Shifting power and changing practice to support locally led peace building
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Building sustainable peace requires both a greater awareness of the dynamics of localised conflict and a willingness on the part of external actors to cede control to local actors.Oleh Alex Shoebridge
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FMR 62 Mini-feature - Land and conflict: taking steps towards peace
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Thousands of displaced Yazidis in Iraq have been assisted in making a safe, sustainable return through a project that addressed the complexity of issues around land tenure.Oleh Oumar Sylla, Ombretta Tempra, Filiep Decorte, Clarissa Augustinus, Ismael
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FMR 62 - Mini-feature - Community-level conflict prevention and peace building in DRC and Somalia
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There is growing recognition of the need to address the root causes of displacement through the perspective of the humanitarian-development-peace ‘triple nexus’. A locally led programme in DRC and Somalia reflects this approach and offers useful lessons.Oleh Wale Osofisan, Shuna Keen
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FMR 62 - Mini-feature - Gang violence, GBV and hate crime in Central America: State response versus State responsibility
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Significant displacement is caused in Central America by gang violence, gender-based violence and hate crimes against LGBT+ people but State responses have failed to address their root causes.Oleh Vickie Knox
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FMR 62 - Mini-feature - The Palestinian refugee question: root causes and breaking the impasse
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Acknowledging the root causes of Palestinian displacement and objectively applying international law will be key to any solution to the Palestinian refugee question.Oleh Francesca P Albanese, Damian Lilly
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FMR 62 - Mini-feature - Resilience spaces: rethinking protection
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Collaborative approaches to building capacities of urban IDPs and host communities are emerging as a more effective way of confronting the root causes of protracted and secondary displacement in informal settlements in Colombia.Oleh Pablo Cortés Ferrández
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What moral principles guide our work? This issue debates many of the ethical questions that confront us in programming, research, safeguarding and volunteering, and in our use of data, new technologies, messaging and images. We each live according to our own personal code of ethics but what moral principles guide our work? The 19 feature theme arti…
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FMR 61 - Big data, little ethics: confidentiality and consent
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Donors’ thirst for data is increasingly undermining security and confidentiality, putting both survivors of violence and staff at risk.Oleh Nicole Behnam, Kristy Crabtree
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FMR 61 - New technologies in migration: human rights impacts
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States are keen to explore the use of new technologies in migration management, yet greater oversight and accountability mechanisms are needed in order to safeguard fundamental rights.Oleh Petra Molnar
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FMR 61 - Social media screening: Norway’s asylum system
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The growing use of data gathered from social media in asylum claim assessments raises critical yet underexplored ethical questions.Oleh Jan-Paul Brekke, Anne Balke Staver
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FMR 61 - Developing ethical guidelines for research
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The IASFM has agreed an international code of ethics to guide research with displaced people. Challenges that arose during its development merit continued discussion.Oleh Christina Clark-Kazak
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FMR 61 - ‘Over-researched’ and ‘under-researched’ refugees
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A number of ethical issues emerge from working with ‘over-researched’ and ‘under-researched’ refugee groups.Oleh Naohiko Omata
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FMR 61 - Research fatigue among Rwandan refugees in Uganda
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Refugees in Nakivale refugee settlement demonstrate research fatigue, yet a return visit by one particular researcher reveals an interesting twist to the tale.Oleh Cleophas Karooma
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FMR 61 - Over-researching migration ‘hotspots’? Ethical issues from the Carteret Islands
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The situation of the Carteret Islanders, often characterised as the first ‘climate change refugees’, has attracted much research interest. What is the impact of such interest? And are standard ethics compliance processes appropriate?Oleh Johannes M Luetz
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FMR 61 - Ethics and accountability in researching sexual violence against men and boys
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Researching sexual violence against men and boys in humanitarian settings requires navigating multiple ethics- and accountability-related tensions.Oleh Sarah Chynoweth, Sarah Martin
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FMR 61 - Ethics and consent in settlement service delivery
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Service providers working in settlement contexts could draw more on research principles in order to better enable new arrivals to understand questions of rights and consent.Oleh Carla Nayton and Sally Baker
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FMR 61 - Ethical primary research by humanitarian actors
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As humanitarian agencies increasingly follow the example of academia in establishing ethics review committees, one such agency reflects on the benefits and drawbacks.Oleh Prisca Benelli, Tamara Low
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FMR 61 - EU migration strategy: compromising principled humanitarian action
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EU migration policies are undermining basic humanitarian principles and making it more difficult for humanitarian actors to uphold their ethical commitments.Oleh Anaïs Faure Atger
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FMR 61 - A humanitarian approach to travel medicine?
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When MSF recently piloted travel medicine services for people travelling along migration routes in Greece, various ethical challenges and moral dilemmas emerged.Oleh Marta Aleksandra Balinska
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FMR 61 - Principled humanitarian assistance and non-State armed groups
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The humanitarian community needs to develop a better shared understanding of how to provide principled assistance in areas controlled by proscribed groups.Oleh Ruta Nimkar, Viren Falcao, Matthew Tebbutt, Emily Savage
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FMR 61 - Ethical dilemmas posed by unethical behaviour by persons of concern
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What ethical dilemmas affect humanitarian agencies’ responses to fraudulent behaviour by persons of concern? And how might refugee community structures be more involved in defining responses?Oleh Anna Turus
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FMR 61 - Ethical quandaries in volunteering
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Volunteers in Greece who are filling gaps in service provision can encounter complex ethical situations for which they may be insufficiently trained and supported.Oleh Ashley Witcher
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FMR 61 - The ethical use of images and messaging
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NGOs, international organisations and donors alike must consider the impact of the images and messaging they use in seeking to raise funds for humanitarian assistance.Oleh Dualta Roughneen
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FMR 61 - Representing refugees in advocacy campaigns
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The representations of refugees created by advocacy and solidarity groups must be devised in partnership with those whose stories are being told.Oleh Natalie Slade
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FMR 61 - Putting safeguarding commitments into practice
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Aid organisations have to go further if they are to meet commitments to prevent sexual exploitation and abuse, listen to survivors, and remove barriers to reporting.Oleh Agnes Olusese, Catherine Hingley
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