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Sharper Iron, hosted by Rev. Timothy Appel, looks at the text of Holy Scripture both in its broad context and its narrow detail, all for the sake of proclaiming Christ crucified and risen for sinners. Two pastors engage with God’s Word to sharpen not only their own faith and knowledge, but the faith and knowledge of all who listen. Sharper Iron is underwritten by Lutheran Church Extension Fund, where your investments help support the work of The Lutheran Church—Missouri Synod. Visit lcef.org.
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David refuses to gloat over the death of Abner. In his mourning, David makes it plain that Joab killed Abner without David’s approval. In this, David shows wisdom to unite Israel under his reign. Meanwhile, Ish-bosheth realizes his precarious position now that Abner has died. Two treacherous men assassinate Ish-bosheth in his own bed. Though these …
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The civil war in Israel between the houses of Saul and David continues bitterly for a while. David’s house grows stronger as he gains wives and sons, even as those same details cause trouble for David later on. In the house of Saul, an accusation against Abner leads the mighty general to switch to David’s side. Abner meets David’s demands and begin…
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David receives the LORD’s instruction to go back to the city of Hebron in Judah. There, Judah anoints David as their king, but the son of Saul, Ish-bosheth, is set up as king over the rest of Israel in Mahanaim. Abner, the general of the house of Saul, and Joab, the general over David’s men, agree to a competition between the young men of their arm…
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As they were originally one long book, 2 Samuel begins where 1 Samuel ends. News of the death of Saul and Jonathan reaches David from an Amalekite who likely thinks he will be rewarded by David. After David confirms the death of the LORD’s anointed by hearing the testimony of the Amalekite a second time, David rightly executes his office by putting…
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The Philistines bring full-scale war to Israel, and the Philistines are victorious. Three sons of Saul are slain, and when Saul sees the defeat all around him, he despairingly asks his armor-bearer to kill him. When the armor-bearer refuses, Saul breaks the 5th Commandment by taking his own life. The death of the king of Israel only strikes more fe…
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When David and his men return to Ziklag, they find that their city has been burned and their families have been taken away. David’s men are ready to kill him in their bitterness, but David relies on the LORD. The LORD commands David to pursue the raiding party and gives an Egyptian as a source of information. When David and his men overtake the gui…
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Achish continues to make preparations for David to accompany him into war against Saul alongside the Philistines from Gath. The other commanders of the Philistines, however, refuse to allow this to happen. They realize that it would be the perfect opportunity for David to get back into Saul’s good graces. Achish reluctantly agrees and sends David b…
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The Philistines prepare to go to war against Israel while David is among them. The gathering Philistine army strikes fear into Saul's heart, and he attempts to seek the LORD through faithful means. When these do not yield his desired results, he loses patience and seeks out unholy means. He goes to a medium in En-dor in an effort to speak to Samuel…
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David realizes that Saul is unlikely to keep his promise to cease his pursuit, and so David flees into the land of the Philistines. Along with six hundred men and his wives, David goes to live under Achish in Gath. David gains the trust of Achish, who gives the city of Ziklag to David as a new home base. From there, David conducts raids on the enem…
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Perhaps because of the instigation of the Ziphites, Saul renews his pursuit of David to take David’s life. After careful espionage, David takes his nephew Abishai into the camp of Saul. While Saul and his entire camp are sleeping due to the work of the LORD, Abishai offers to do the dirty work for David and dispatch Saul then and there. David again…
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Samuel's death brings about great mourning from all Israel. As Saul's pursuit of David has paused, David now journeys in the wilderness of Paran. When Nabal refuses to help David's men, David's hot anger almost brings him to wrongful personal revenge. The godly wisdom of Nabal's wife Abigail stays David's hand, and the LORD vindicates David against…
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As Saul pursues David in the wilderness of Engedi, Saul stops to relieve himself in a cave where David and his men are hiding. Though David's men urge him to take his enemy into his own hand, David refuses personal vengeance and even feels pangs of conscience at cutting off the corner of the robe of the LORD's anointed. David shows himself guiltles…
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Even as David continues to flee from Saul, he seeks to do the LORD's work in delivering the city of Keliah from the Philistines. Throughout his flight, David inquires of the LORD, who directs and protects David from Saul. Jonathan goes to David to strengthen his friend, even as Saul seeks information on David's whereabouts from the Ziphites. When S…
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As David hides from Saul, he pours out his lament before the LORD in confident faith. At the same time, many of those who are in need gather to David, who begins to fulfill the role of a faithful king. Meanwhile, King Saul continues in his unfaithfulness, selfishly feeling sorry for only himself and accusing everyone of conspiracy against him. Only…
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As David flees from Saul, he flees to the LORD's presence. When he arrives before Ahimelech the priest, David requests nourishment for his men and himself. Ensuring the holiness of the men, recognizing the true purpose of the Sabbath, and looking forward to the coming greater Son of David, Ahimelech feeds David and his men with the bread of the Pre…
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Although Jonathan initially does not think his father still intends to kill David, Jonathan listens to his beloved friend loyally and agrees to participate in a plan to discern the king's true intentions. Saul irrationally expects David at the new moon feast, and Saul is enraged when he learns from Jonathan that David will not be coming. This serve…
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Four times King Saul attempts to kill David, and four times the LORD spares David's life. Saul's own son Jonathan successfully intercedes for David before Saul, who momentarily stops pursuing him. When war against the Philistines brings out Saul's murderous rage again, David flees from Saul's spear. David's wife and Saul's daughter Michal lies in o…
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After David’s defeat of Goliath, Jonathan joins himself to David in true friendship, despite any ramifications that may have for his potential to be king. When Saul realizes just how popular David is becoming, Saul eyes David with suspicion. Saul’s bad conscience before the LORD leads him to attempt to kill David both directly and indirectly. In ev…
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As the Philistine and Israelite armies line up against each other, the Philistine champion Goliath taunts Israel for forty days straight. Though his size and strength are impressive, his defining feature is his idolatrous mocking of the living God. Forgetting God’s promises, Saul and his army are fearful of this Philistine. Only David, the young sh…
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The LORD commands Samuel to go to the house of Jesse in Bethlehem to offer a sacrifice with Jesse’s family and anoint the next king from among his sons. As the sons of Jesse come before Samuel in the order of age, Samuel wrongly assumes that the oldest will be king. The LORD corrects His prophet; the LORD looks at the heart. No man, not even his ow…
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Samuel gives the Word of the LORD to Saul, telling the king to devote to destruction the idolatrous Amalekites. Saul faithfully spares the Kenites, who had previously attached themselves to Israel, but Saul unfaithfully spares the Amalekite king and the choicest animals. The LORD sends Samuel to tell Saul that Saul has been rejected as king. When S…
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Saul’s son Jonathan continues to show himself to be a faithful Israelite and a capable soldier. The LORD gives Jonathan and his armor-bearer the victory over a Philistine garrison, and then He gives a larger victory to the rest of the Israelite army through Saul. The growing victory is cut short, however, by Saul’s foolish vow that comes from his p…
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As Saul's reign as king is formally introduced, his weaknesses begin to show more clearly. Even as he takes credit for the victory won by his son Jonathan, the Philistines remain a formidable enemy who bring fear to Israel. Initially, Saul waits for Samuel as the prophet had instructed. However, as Saul's army dwindles, he takes matters into his ow…
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With Israel gathered together at Gilgal, Samuel takes the opportunity to give a farewell sermon as his time as judge comes to an end. He reminds the people of his faithful service to the LORD and to them. He recalls the faithful dealings of the LORD with Israel over their history, even when Israel was unfaithful. Now that Israel has a king, both th…
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When the Ammonites renew their enmity with Israel at Jabesh-gilead, the news eventually gets to King Saul, who is plowing with his oxen. The Spirit of God rushes upon Saul, and in anger, he calls Israel to come out and fight, lest they face his sword. The army musters at Saul's command, and he leads the people to victory over the Ammonites. Saul ri…
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Samuel anoints Saul as the first king of Israel and gives Saul signs to confirm this reality for him. Each of the signs comes to pass. When the Spirit of the LORD rushes upon Saul, he begins to prophesy, which surprises those who witness it. As Saul returns home, he does not trust the authority that God has given him as king over Israel. That conti…
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Although Saul has the outward appearance of a king, several warning signs are present, indicating that he may not serve the people as well as they would like. He is from the tribe of Benjamin rather than the tribe of Judah. He is unable to find lost donkeys; will he be able to lead men? The most concerning detail is Saul's ignorance of Samuel as th…
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As Samuel grows old, the elders of Israel rightly recognize the corruption of Samuel's sons, who are unfit to be judges in Samuel's place. However, the elders of Israel wrongly ask that Samuel set up a king over them so that they would be like the other nations. The LORD says that this request is a rejection of His reign, but He still tells Samuel …
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Samuel's faithful preaching to Israel called God's people to repentance for their idolatry, and Israel listened. As Samuel led the people in confession of their sins, the Philistines used the opportunity to attack. This time, Israel implored Samuel to pray for them and sought the LORD's counsel. After the LORD won the victory over the Philistines f…
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The Philistines were quite mistaken to think that their capture of the LORD's ark meant that their idol had defeated the LORD. The LORD shows the impotence of Dagon in its idolatrous shrine, and the LORD inflicts a plague upon the Philistines. The Philistines soon want nothing to do with the LORD's ark, and as they send it back to Israel, the LORD …
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Although Samuel was preaching God's Word to all Israel, the people did not bother to consult him in their fights against the Philistines. After suffering a terrible defeat, the elders of Israel treat the ark of the LORD as a magic talisman in taking it out to battle faithlessly. Though the Philistines initially tremble, they fight nonetheless and r…
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When Samuel was a young man serving under Eli in the LORD's house, the LORD's Word rarely came as it had to Moses and Joshua. Yet the LORD was bringing about an increase in His Word through Samuel. He made Samuel, Eli, and all Israel certain of His call to Samuel as a prophet, even though it took some time for Eli and Samuel to catch on. Samuel's p…
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The two sons of Eli, Hophni and Phineas, act wickedly in their service at the LORD's house, unlawfully taking parts of the sacrifices for themselves and committing adultery with temple servants. Although Eli speaks to his sons about these things, they do not listen, and he does not take decisive action against them. For this, the LORD sends a proph…
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As Hannah fulfills her promise to give her son Samuel into the LORD's service at the tabernacle, she prays with joy and thanksgiving at what the LORD has done for her. He has shown Himself to be holy and faithful, so that the prideful cannot speak or stand in His presence. He brings about great reversals, making low the mighty and raising up the hu…
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The book of 1 Samuel begins at a religious low point for Israel, when there was no king and everyone did what was right in his own eyes. The LORD began His work of calling His people back to Himself through the family of Elkanah. His wife Hannah suffered greatly from her barrenness, yet she prayed to the LORD for a child. Once Eli's initial assumpt…
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"A Kingdom Unlike All the Nations” is a series on Sharper Iron that goes through 1-2 Samuel. This time in Israel's history has its highs and lows, but the LORD's faithfulness never wavers. He provides His Word to be proclaimed faithfully through prophets like Samuel and Nathan. Even as princes like Saul and David sit on an earthly throne, the LORD …
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When envoys from Babylon come to Hezekiah in Jerusalem, he gives neither thanks nor glory to the LORD for the blessings He has so freely bestowed on Hezekiah. Instead, the king shows the Babylonians all the wealth he has, as if he has won it for himself. Isaiah confronts Hezekiah, revealing that the consequences for the king's actions will be exile…
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When Hezekiah became sick to the point of death, the LORD's Word came to the King that he would die. Hezekiah responded by crying out to the LORD in prayer, and the LORD responded by mercifully extending Hezekiah's life for another fifteen years. This gracious promise not only spared Hezekiah,but also sustained the line of the promised Messiah for …
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King Hezekiah and his royal officials seek the Word of the LORD in the face of the Assyrian threat. After Isaiah delivers the LORD's promise of a miraculous rescue, the Rabshakeh continues to tempt the people of Judah to unbelief. Hezekiah responds by bringing the enemy's words to the LORD and asking that the LORD show Himself as the one true God. …
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Isaiah begins to recount the historical narrative of the LORD's deliverance of His people from the Assyrians. Although the might of the Assyrian army was great, the text focuses on the war of words waged by the Assyrian official, the Rabshakeh. His temptations are strong, using half-truths in order to draw the people away from their trust in the LO…
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Out of the devastation of the previous chapter, the LORD promises to bring restoration for His people and His creation. He will make the desert a garden, He will strengthen His people's weaknesses, and He will heal His people's diseases. In this, the LORD will show His glory and bring His salvation. He will bring His people back upon the way that l…
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The LORD calls upon all the nations to listen as He speaks His fury against all those who have set themselves against them. The judgment upon such unbelief is coming, and it will not be pretty. The LORD says that His sword will bring condemnation particularly upon Edom, which had a history of animosity toward the LORD and Israel. All such peoples w…
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When the LORD proclaims that Assyria will be destroyed, His people respond in prayer, asking that the LORD would bring His salvation for which they wait. They recognize the fear of Him as their true treasure and look for Him to arise. Those who do not fear the LORD, however, tremble at the news of His coming. The only one who can dwell with Him is …
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Isaiah proclaims the coming king who will reign in righteousness. Under His reign, the people of God will dwell safely with the true knowledge and worship of Him. Those who are foolish will be known as such, and those who are complacent will mourn over the judgment that the LORD will bring. Once the judgment is complete, the righteous King will pou…
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Isaiah tells the people of Judah that Egypt will be absolutely no help against Assyria. God's people would be foolish to put their trust in men rather than the LORD. He is the true God who comes down to protect His people, so that they can return to Him even after they revolted against Him by their idolatry. Although Egypt's help against Assyria is…
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The LORD calls His people rebellious children for desiring an alliance with Egypt, who will actually be no help to Judah at all. Because Judah despises the LORD's Word, His swift judgment will befall them. Yet He gives His promise. Their salvation will be found in returning to Him and resting in His Word, and He is waiting patiently to show that ve…
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The LORD speaks to His people Jerusalem about the coming destruction that Assyria will bring, according to the will and work of the LORD. When the LORD also promises that He will work a miraculous deliverance on His people's behalf, the people fail to believe His promise. Their faithless worship has left the blind and deaf, yet the LORD promises th…
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Having addressed many foreign nations and the entire earth, the LORD turns once more to His people, Israel and Judah. Though the leaders of Ephraim are proud, they are no match for the LORD's might. He alone is the crown of glory. The priests and prophets have failed and fallen into the same drunken stupor, and so the LORD will bring His Word upon …
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The day of the LORD is a day of victory over all His enemies, even Leviathan. By speaking about the LORD's victory in this way, Isaiah shows that the LORD alone is the true God over all idols, and no powers of evil will win the victory over Him. Having defeated His people's enemies, He will plant His people as His fruitful vineyard and keep them sa…
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