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Postgres FM
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Konten disediakan oleh Michael Christofides and Nikolay Samokhvalov. Semua konten podcast termasuk episode, grafik, dan deskripsi podcast diunggah dan disediakan langsung oleh Michael Christofides and Nikolay Samokhvalov atau mitra platform podcast mereka. Jika Anda yakin seseorang menggunakan karya berhak cipta Anda tanpa izin, Anda dapat mengikuti proses yang diuraikan di sini https://id.player.fm/legal.
A weekly podcast about all things PostgreSQL
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139 episode
Tandai semua (belum/sudah) diputar ...
Manage series 3369151
Konten disediakan oleh Michael Christofides and Nikolay Samokhvalov. Semua konten podcast termasuk episode, grafik, dan deskripsi podcast diunggah dan disediakan langsung oleh Michael Christofides and Nikolay Samokhvalov atau mitra platform podcast mereka. Jika Anda yakin seseorang menggunakan karya berhak cipta Anda tanpa izin, Anda dapat mengikuti proses yang diuraikan di sini https://id.player.fm/legal.
A weekly podcast about all things PostgreSQL
…
continue reading
139 episode
Semua episode
×Nikolay and Michael are joined by Lev Kokotov to discuss PgDog — including whether or when sharding is needed, the origin story (via PgCat), what's already supported, and what's coming next. Here are some links to things they mentioned: Lev Kokotov https://postgres.fm/people/lev-kokotov PgDog https://github.com/pgdogdev/pgdog PgCat https://github.com/postgresml/pgcat Adopting PgCat (Instacart blog post) https://www.instacart.com/company/how-its-made/adopting-pgcat-a-nextgen-postgres-proxy PgDog discussion on Hacker News https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43364668 Citus https://github.com/citusdata/citus Sharding & IDs at Instagram (blog post) https://instagram-engineering.com/sharding-ids-at-instagram-1cf5a71e5a5c ~~~ What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc ! ~~~ Postgres FM is produced by: Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai With special thanks to: Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork…
Nikolay talks Michael through using cloud snapshots — how they can be used to reduce RTO for huge Postgres setups, also to improve provisioning time, and some major catches to be aware of. Here are some links to things they mentioned: Snapshots on RDS https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/USER_CreateSnapshot.html pgBackRest https://pgbackrest.org WAL-G https://github.com/wal-g/wal-g pg_backup_start and pg_backup_stop (docs) https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-BACKUP How to troubleshoot long Postgres startup (by Nikolay) https://gitlab.com/postgres-ai/postgresql-consulting/postgres-howtos/-/blob/main/0003_how_to_troubleshoot_long_startup.md Restoring to a DB instance (RDS docs mentioning lazy loading) https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/USER_RestoreFromSnapshot.html Amazon EBS fast snapshot restore https://docs.aws.amazon.com/ebs/latest/userguide/ebs-fast-snapshot-restore.html Our 100th episode “To 100TB, and beyond!” https://postgres.fm/episodes/to-100tb-and-beyond ~~~ What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc ! ~~~ Postgres FM is produced by: Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai With credit to: Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork…
Nikolay and Michael discuss GIN indexes in Postgres — what they are, what they're used for, and some limitations to be aware of. Here are some links to things they mentioned: GIN Indexes https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/gin.html Generalized Search Trees for Database Systems (Hellerstein, Naughton, Pfeffer) https://dsf.berkeley.edu/papers/vldb95-gist.pdf RUM extension https://pgxn.org/dist/rum/1.1.0/ Understanding Postgres GIN Indexes: The Good and the Bad (Lukas Fittl) https://pganalyze.com/blog/gin-index ~~~ What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc ! ~~~ Postgres FM is produced by: Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai With credit to: Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork…
Nikolay and Michael use a recent "best practices" article as a prompt — giving a few tips each on the topics mentioned, like schema design, performance, backups, and more. Here are some links to things they mentioned: 7 Crucial PostgreSQL Best Practices (recent blog post) https://speakdatascience.com/postgresql-best-practices “Don't do this” episode https://postgres.fm/episodes/dont-do-this Article discussion on Hacker News https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42992913 Mozilla’s SQL Style Guide https://docs.telemetry.mozilla.org/concepts/sql_style “SQL vs NoSQL” episode with Franck Pachot https://postgres.fm/episodes/sql-vs-nosql HA episode https://postgres.fm/episodes/high-availability ~~~ What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc ! ~~~ Postgres FM is produced by: Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai With credit to: Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork…
Nikolay and Michael discuss the CREATE STATISTICS feature in Postgres — what it's for, how often it's used, and how to spot cases where it would help. Here are some links to things they mentioned: CREATE STATISTICS https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-createstatistics.html citext https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/citext.html Statistics Used by the Planner https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/planner-stats.html default_statistics_target https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/runtime-config-query.html#GUC-DEFAULT-STATISTICS-TARGET Tomáš Vondra on Postgres TV https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8la-OWfD3VI Recent commit to Postgres 18 for pg_upgrade https://git.postgresql.org/gitweb/?p=postgresql.git;a=commit;h=1fd1bd871012732e3c6c482667d2f2c56f1a9395 Multivariate Statistics Examples https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/multivariate-statistics-examples.html Extended statistics (README) https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/master/src/backend/statistics/README How we used Postgres extended statistics to achieve a 3000x speedup (blog post by Jared Rulison) https://build.affinity.co/how-we-used-postgres-extended-statistics-to-achieve-a-3000x-speedup-ea93d3dcdc61 ~~~ What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc ! ~~~ Postgres FM is produced by: Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai With credit to: Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork…
Nikolay and Michael are joined by Franck Pachot to discuss SQL vs NoSQL — did Franck change teams by joining MongoDB, normalisation vs denormalisation, developer experience, NULLs, and more! Here are some links to things they mentioned: Franck Pachot https://postgres.fm/people/franck-pachot Franck's workshop at PGConf India https://pgconf.in/conferences/pgconfin2025/program/proposals/958 PostgreSQL Conference Germany https://2025.pgconf.de "Schema Later" Considered Harmful by Michael Stonebraker and Álvaro Hernández https://www.enterprisedb.com/blog/schema-later-considered-harmful Comparison of JOINS by Michael Stonebraker and Álvaro Hernández https://www.enterprisedb.com/blog/comparison-joins-mongodb-vs-postgresql Franck’s post about why he joined MongoDB https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/2025-im-joining-mongodb-franck-pachot-e4shf EdgeDB https://www.edgedb.com Nikolay’s tweet about a recent issue with NULLs https://x.com/samokhvalov/status/1889078097124999272 PartiQL https://docs.aws.amazon.com/amazondynamodb/latest/developerguide/ql-reference.html FerretDB https://www.ferretdb.com DocumentDB https://github.com/microsoft/documentdb ~~~ What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc ! ~~~ Postgres FM is produced by: Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai With special thanks to: Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork…
Nikolay and Michael return to the topic of BUFFERS for the third (and final?) time! They discuss the news that it'll be on by default with EXPLAIN ANALYZE in Postgres 18, and what effect that might have. Here are some links to things they mentioned: Our first BUFFERS episode https://postgres.fm/episodes/buffers-by-default Our second BUFFERS episode https://postgres.fm/episodes/buffers-ii-the-sequel BUFFERS enabled for EXPLAIN ANALYZE by default (commit for Postgres 18) https://git.postgresql.org/gitweb/?p=postgresql.git;a=commit;h=c2a4078ebad71999dd451ae7d4358be3c9290b07 https://explain.depesz.com/history Latency Numbers Every Programmer Should Know https://gist.github.com/jboner/2841832 Twitter conversation about flushing caches https://x.com/prochazkafilip/status/1881655337499205736 pg_buffercache_evict https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/pgbuffercache.html#PGBUFFERCACHE-PG-BUFFERCACHE-EVICT How to compare the quality of SQL query plans (blog post by Andrei Lepikhov) https://danolivo.substack.com/p/whose-optimisation-is-better We were added as PostgreSQL Contributors! https://www.postgresql.org/about/news/new-postgresql-contributors-3006 ~~~ What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc ! ~~~ Postgres FM is produced by: Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai With special thanks to: Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork…
Nikolay and Michael discuss a couple of surprising ways read queries (selects) can cause writes (shared buffers dirtied) in Postgres. Here are some links to things they mentioned: Reads causing writes in Postgres (post by Alex Jesipow) https://jesipow.com/blog/postgres-reads-cause-writes/ Exploring how SELECT queries can produce disk writes (post by Nikolay Sivko) https://blog.okmeter.io/postgresql-exploring-how-select-queries-can-produce-disk-writes-f36c8bee6b6f Hint Bits (wiki) https://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Hint_Bits pg_stat_statements https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/pgstatstatements.html pg_stat_kcache https://github.com/powa-team/pg_stat_kcache pg_wait_sampling https://github.com/postgrespro/pg_wait_sampling BUFFERS by default (episode 4!) https://postgres.fm/episodes/buffers-by-default Page layout (docs) https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/storage-page-layout.html From Reddit (user merlinm), PD_ALL_VISIBLE may be a third case https://www.reddit.com/r/PostgreSQL/comments/1hjuyfn/comment/m3e6e7v/ Coroot https://coroot.com/ ~~~ What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc ! ~~~ Postgres FM is produced by: Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai With special thanks to: Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork…
Nikolay and Michael discuss adding constraints in an online fashion, using NOT VALID and then VALIDATE CONSTRAINT. Here are some links to things they mentioned: ADD table_constraint NOT VALID https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-altertable.html#SQL-ALTERTABLE-DESC-ADD-TABLE-CONSTRAINT Our episode on zero-downtime migrations https://postgres.fm/episodes/zero-downtime-migrations VALIDATE CONSTRAINT https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-altertable.html#SQL-ALTERTABLE-DESC-VALIDATE-CONSTRAINT ALTER TABLE notes https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-altertable.html#SQL-ALTERTABLE-NOTES pgroll https://github.com/xataio/pgroll ~~~ What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc ! ~~~ Postgres FM is produced by: Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai With special thanks to: Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork…
Michael and Nikolay are joined by Antonín Houska to discuss pg_squeeze — what it is, how it started, some of its features, and hopes of getting the functionality into core. Here are some links to things they mentioned: Antonín Houska https://postgres.fm/people/antonin-houska pg_squeeze https://github.com/cybertec-postgresql/pg_squeeze Cybertec https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com pg_repack https://github.com/reorg/pg_repack Introducing pg_squeeze (by Kaarel Moppel) https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com/en/introducing-pg_squeeze-a-postgresql-extension-to-auto-rebuild-bloated-tables pg_squeeze is included in the PostgreSQL APT packages https://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Apt pg_squeeze is included in the PostgreSQL Yum packages https://yum.postgresql.org pg_rewrite https://github.com/cybertec-postgresql/pg_rewrite VACUUM FULL / CLUSTER CONCURRENTLY patch https://commitfest.postgresql.org/51/5117 ~~~ What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc ! ~~~ Postgres FM is produced by: Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai With special thanks to: Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork…
Michael and Nikolay are joined by Joe Sciarrino and Jelte Fennema-Nio to discuss pg_duckdb — what it is, how it started, what early users are using it for, and what they're working on next. Here are some links to things they mentioned: Joe Sciarrino https://postgres.fm/people/joe-sciarrino Jelte Fennema-Nio https://postgres.fm/people/jelte-fennema-nio pg_duckdb https://github.com/duckdb/pg_duckdb Hydra https://www.hydra.so MotherDuck https://motherduck.com The problems and benefits of an elephant with a beak (lightning talk by Jelte) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ogvbKE4fw9A&list=PLF36ND7b_WU4QL6bA28NrzBOevqUYiPYq&t=1073s pg_duckdb announcement post (by Jordan and Brett from MotherDuck) https://motherduck.com/blog/pg_duckdb-postgresql-extension-for-duckdb-motherduck pg_duckdb 0.2 release https://github.com/duckdb/pg_duckdb/releases/tag/v0.2.0 ~~~ What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc ! ~~~ Postgres FM is produced by: Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai With special thanks to: Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork…
Nikolay and Michael discuss Row Level Security in Postgres, focussing on the performance side effects and some tips to avoid (or minimize) them. Here are some links to things they mentioned: Row Security Policies (docs) https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/ddl-rowsecurity.html 7+ million Postgres tables (recent talk by Kailash Nadh) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xhi5Q_wL9i0 Row Level Security guide (Supabase docs) https://supabase.com/docs/guides/database/postgres/row-level-security current_setting function https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/functions-admin.html#id-1.5.8.34.3.6.2.2.1.1.1.1 Our slow count episode https://postgres.fm/episodes/slow-count RLS Performance and Best Practices (gist from Gary Austin) https://github.com/orgs/supabase/discussions/14576 Everything you need to know about Postgres Row Level Security (talk by Paul Copplestone) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vZT1Qx2xUCo BUFFERS enabled for EXPLAIN ANALYZE by default (commit for Postgres 18) https://git.postgresql.org/gitweb/?p=postgresql.git;a=commit;h=c2a4078ebad71999dd451ae7d4358be3c9290b07 Add UUID version 7 generation function (commit for Postgres 18) https://git.postgresql.org/gitweb/?p=postgresql.git;a=commit;h=78c5e141e9c139fc2ff36a220334e4aa25e1b0eb Postgres hacking session with Andrey and Kirk (for UUIDv7): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YPq_hiOE-N8 ~~~ What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc ! ~~~ Postgres FM is produced by: Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai With special thanks to: Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork…
Michael and Nikolay are joined by Lukas Eder, the creator of jOOQ, to discuss what it is, some nice developer experience features it has, and some fun things he's come across from a Postgres perspective. Here are some links to things they mentioned: Lukas Eder https://postgres.fm/people/lukas-eder jOOQ https://www.jooq.org/ DSL https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain-specific_language SQL Dialects https://www.jooq.org/javadoc/latest/org.jooq/org/jooq/SQLDialect.html MERGE https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-merge.html match_recognize https://modern-sql.com/feature/match_recognize JOOQ, joy of SQL (talk by Kevin Davin) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Ej47GZX9D8 BUFFERS enabled for EXPLAIN ANALYZE by default (commit for Postgres 18) https://git.postgresql.org/gitweb/?p=postgresql.git;a=commit;h=c2a4078ebad71999dd451ae7d4358be3c9290b07 PostGIS https://postgis.net/ 10 SQL Tricks That You Didn’t Think Were Possible (blog post by Lukas) https://blog.jooq.org/10-sql-tricks-that-you-didnt-think-were-possible/ jOOQ questions on Stack Overflow https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/jooq Our episode on NULLs https://postgres.fm/episodes/nulls-the-good-the-bad-the-ugly-and-the-unknown ~~~ What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc ! ~~~ Postgres FM is produced by: Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai With special thanks to: Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork…
Nikolay and Michael discuss "Column Tetris" — what it is, why it matters, how to order columns for new tables, and how to re-organise existing ones. Here are some links to things they mentioned: “Column Tetris” by Erwin Brandstetter on Stack Overflow https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2966524/calculating-and-saving-space-in-postgresql/7431468#7431468 Data Types https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/datatype.html OrioleDB beta7 benchmarks https://www.orioledb.com/blog/orioledb-beta7-benchmarks pg_hexedit https://github.com/petergeoghegan/pg_hexedit Saving Space Basically for Free (blog post by James Coleman from Braintree) https://medium.com/paypal-tech/postgresql-at-scale-saving-space-basically-for-free-d94483d9ed9a Ordering Table Columns (GitLab https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/development/database/ordering_table_columns.html postgres_dba alignment padding query https://github.com/NikolayS/postgres_dba/blob/master/sql/p1_alignment_padding.sql Good explanation from Marco Slot of how alignment was used to fix a recent issue https://x.com/marcoslot/status/1858132850383421570 pg_repack feature request discussion https://github.com/reorg/pg_repack/issues/101 Our episode on bloat (with Chelsea Dole) https://postgres.fm/episodes/bloat Optimizing table layout for maximum efficiency (blog post by Renato Massaro) https://r.ena.to/blog/optimizing-postgres-table-layout-for-maximum-efficiency ~~~ What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc ! ~~~ Postgres FM is produced by: Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai With special thanks to: Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork…
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Postgres FM

Nikolay and Michael discuss the track_planning parameter of pg_stat_statements — what it is, how it affects performance, and when or whether you should switch it on. Here are some links to things they mentioned: pg_stat_statements.track_planning https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/pgstatstatements.html#id-1.11.7.40.9.2.4.1.3 Our episode about pg_stat_statements https://postgres.fm/episodes/pg_stat_statements PostgreSQL 13.0 release notes https://www.postgresql.org/docs/release/13.0/ track_planning causing performance regression (thread on hackers during v13 beta) https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/2895b53b033c47ccb22972b589050dd9%40EX13D05UWC001.ant.amazon.com Our episode on 4 million TPS https://postgres.fm/episodes/four-million-tps Observer effect in pg_stat_statements and pg_stat_kcache (Postgres TV Hacking session with Andrey and Kirk) https://www.youtube.com/live/wHMNX-fHb2A?si=DPgmrPaSpPF6DxuS ~~~ What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc ! ~~~ Postgres FM is produced by: Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai With special thanks to: Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork…
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