Trading Tips With Jim Stromberg Jim Stromberg is a trader, author, and podcaster who has been trading stocks for over 25 years. He has seen the markets go through ups and downs, bull and bear markets. Jim is the host of the popular podcast "Trading Tips with Jim Stromberg," where he shares his insights on the markets and technical analysis with his listeners.
…
continue reading
This podcast will give you all of the tools to Grow Your Business & Live Life On Your Terms…
…
continue reading
Fun not serious podcast
…
continue reading
Strom is a Shrewsbury-based company specialising in sports nutrition, supplements and diet/training advice. The StromCast is our first venture into the world of podcasting; we aim to provide advice and debunk myths regarding gym training, nutrition and general fitness, specifically for those who are considering or are in the early stages of adopting a healthy lifestyle.
…
continue reading
Podcast by Vera Dvora
…
continue reading
Welcome to the Lektor Strømstad podcast, where amazing things happen. Cover art photo provided by Valentin Salja on Unsplash: https://unsplash.com/@valentinsalja
…
continue reading
Challenging Conventional Wall Street wisdom about retirement planning and exposing bad advice from Financial Entertainers. Maximizing Retirement income and protecting assets from creditors, predators, lawsuits and judgments does not happen with a product or discount offer online. You must have an integrated approach. As a Paralegal and a Certified Financial Planner®, Kraig is uniquely able to assist clients with the careful preparation of retirement income, asset protection and estate plans. ...
…
continue reading
Vi diskuterar aktuella händelser nära och i världen med intressanta personer. Johan och Bertholof är ständiga deltagare i samtalet.
…
continue reading
CancerCare's free Connect Education Workshops are a way for people to learn about cancer-related issues from the convenience of their home or office. Leading experts in oncology provide the most up-to-date information in these workshops to help you and your loved ones better understand and cope with your cancer diagnosis, treatment options, quality-of-life concerns, treatment side effects, pain management, doctor-patient communication and other important topics.
…
continue reading
Podcast by Strömsholmen AB
…
continue reading
…
continue reading
Over Stromen is een podcast van de ChristenUnie Vechtstromen en Drents Overijsselse Delta over het waterschap en de vraagstukken die anno 2023 op het gebied van klimaat, natuur en landbouw, duurzaamheid en natuurlijk schoon, veilig en voldoende water actueel zijn.
…
continue reading
Andrew Strom is an international author and speaker - and a fiery commentator on current Christian issues.
…
continue reading
…
continue reading
En podcast som behandlar Gefle IF utifrån ett supporterperspektiv med fokus på supporterkulturen. Pinnebergarna från Strömdalen lyfter även kopplingar till nationella och internationella supporterfrågor. Lyssna här: https://soundcloud.com/pfs1882
…
continue reading
10 years ago an audio journey called Stromness Hometown was created, where voices of the past and, what was then, the present told the history of the town. The original version was available on headsets to listen to while you walked. We’re celebrating the 10th anniversary of Stromness Hometown by releasing it on all your usual podcast platforms, so that you can still listen while you walk, but also listen wherever you happen to be. 8 episodes plus a bonus track will be released daily from 16 ...
…
continue reading
Geschichten zu E-Mobilität, Energiewende und dem Stromnetz der Zukunft – die gibt es ab jetzt hier, bei Backbone, dem Podcast zu Elektromobilität und Stromnetz. Dabei geht es um Fragen wie: Reicht der Strom für Millionen von E-Autos? Wie einfach geht aufladen in der Zukunft? Und was passiert im Stromnetz, um es fit zu machen für eine boomende E-Mobilität?
…
continue reading
Learn beginner Spanish with Scott! Scott will help you learn Spanish and start speaking from class 1. He learned Spanish while traveling for several years along the border of Mexico and the United States. Scott's experience working with private students and teaching at the university level will ensure that you learn spanish fast!
…
continue reading
Charlotte ser vores liv som i en bæk. Vi kan flyde med strømmen, eller vi kan kæmpe imod strømmen. Selv er hun bevidst om at flyde med strømmen. Undervejs er der sten. Nogle ligger fast. Andre er sten, vi selv har kastet. De er vores valg.
…
continue reading
Welkom bij ",SelfQuest" de ultieme bron voor leiders van grote organisaties die streven naar persoonlijke en professionele groei. In deze podcast bespreken we diverse onderwerpen die je zullen helpen je volledige potentieel als leider te bereiken. We beginnen met het overwinnen van angsten en leven in het moment, waarbij we technieken zoals mindfulness en het herdefiniëren van fouten onderzoeken. We behandelen hoe je zelfvertrouwen en moed kunt cultiveren om beslissingen te nemen en actie te ...
…
continue reading
Der energiegeladene Podcast mit Doc Power & Mr. Cool! «Unter Strom» ist der neue Podcast von Schneider Electric. Im Podcast werden Themen wie Energie-Management, Digitalisierung, Energie-Effizienz, sichere Infrastruktur, Edge und vieles mehr behandelt. Mit «Unter Strom» will Schneider Electric ihr spannendes Tätigkeitsfeld und dessen Bedeutung für die Gesellschaft offen diskutieren und mit Beispielen und Erfahrungen aus dem Arbeitsalltag von Doc Power & Mr. Cool sympathisch veranschaulichen. ...
…
continue reading
In "Lachswanderung" erzählen wir die unglaublichen Geschichten von Menschen, die gegen den Strom schwimmen. In jeder Folge bringt eine Reporterin oder ein Reporter eine Geschichte mit in das Studio von unserem Host Lotte Glatt. "Lachswanderung" ist der erste Klartext-Podcast der Deutschen Journalistenschule, entwickelt und produziert hat ihn die Lehrredaktion 55B. Team: Julia Anton, Tanya Falenczyk, Lotte Glatt, Sören Götz, Leonie Gubela, Luisa Hofmeier, Robin Köhler, Maximilian Länge, Marce ...
…
continue reading
Wenn Minecraft und Digitaltechnik aufeinandertreffen, entsteht etwas Einzigartiges: ReLoAd, unsere revolutionäre Lernsoftware, die die faszinierende Welt der Digitaltechnik spielerisch zugänglich macht. Von logischen Gattern bis hin zu Zufallsgeneratoren – wir bieten die Werkzeuge, mit denen die Fachleute von morgen heute schon beeindruckende digitale Konstruktionen erschaffen können. In jeder Episode tauchen wir tiefer in die Funktionsweise von ReLoAd ein und geben einen exklusiven Einblick ...
…
continue reading
1
PPR 257: Deal of The Week - Boating Fail
11:36
11:36
Putar nanti
Putar nanti
Daftar
Suka
Menyukai
11:36
I find it ironic that certain people like to brag about their investment prowess or boast about their success in business at the same time they make horrible financial decisions with how they spend their money. Thanks to the death of private pensions, the devaluation of Social Security benefits and other undeniable retirement factors such as inflat…
…
continue reading
How many times do I need to say this before I stop getting the same terrible phone call? COME ON MAN! Thanks to the death of private pensions, the devaluation of Social Security benefits and other undeniable retirement factors such as inflation and increased taxes, America is now in a retirement income crisis. Kraig Strom, the host of Personal Pens…
…
continue reading
1
PPR 257: WYS - Father Admits he Was Wrong
8:25
8:25
Putar nanti
Putar nanti
Daftar
Suka
Menyukai
8:25
The father of the 4% Rule emerges from his golf course retirement home to say he was wrong. For years, Wall Street has told us that the 4% rule for retirement income planning is gospel. Of course, we know that the 4% rule has not worked out too well in recent years. Now we hear from the creator and he admits his error but it's not what you think. T…
…
continue reading
What is the the only thing more costly then buying and maintaining a private boat? Thanks to the death of private pensions, the devaluation of Social Security benefits and other undeniable retirement factors such as inflation and increased taxes, America is now in a retirement income crisis. Kraig Strom, the host of Personal Pension Radio, is focus…
…
continue reading
1
PPR 258 Quick Take - Wall Street Battle Royale
11:00
11:00
Putar nanti
Putar nanti
Daftar
Suka
Menyukai
11:00
Thanks to the death of private pensions, the devaluation of Social Security benefits and other undeniable retirement factors such as inflation and increased taxes, America is now in a retirement income crisis. Kraig Strom, the host of Personal Pension Radio, is focused on helping you pack your bags for both halves of the retirement journey. Kraig's…
…
continue reading
1
#46/2024 - What Is Next? | Crypto & Tech
28:25
28:25
Putar nanti
Putar nanti
Daftar
Suka
Menyukai
28:25
Discover the Future of Markets! 🚀 | #46/2024 - What Is Next? | Crypto & Tech In this engaging episode, we dive into the dynamic world of finance post-Trump's election victory! Witness how his win is sending both the stock market and cryptocurrencies soaring to unprecedented heights. Will this bullish trend continue, or are there underlying risks we…
…
continue reading
1
PPR 258: WYS-Buying a Home at Age 25
16:00
16:00
Putar nanti
Putar nanti
Daftar
Suka
Menyukai
16:00
Listener Ralph asked whether it is financially smart for him to consider buying a home at the younge age of 25. What kind of mortgage should he use and how much down payment should he plan for? Thanks to the death of private pensions, the devaluation of Social Security benefits and other undeniable retirement factors such as inflation and increased…
…
continue reading
1
PPR 258 Wptv False Sense Of Security
11:02
11:02
Putar nanti
Putar nanti
Daftar
Suka
Menyukai
11:02
Time and time again, we see companies and their owners operating under a false sense of S-Corp or LLC security. Understanding inside AND outside liability is the key to building the right protection around the Golden Goose. Thanks to the death of private pensions, the devaluation of Social Security benefits and other undeniable retirement factors s…
…
continue reading
1
Episode 280: Food, Faith and Family Leads to Shawsome with Susan Shaw
29:39
29:39
Putar nanti
Putar nanti
Daftar
Suka
Menyukai
29:39
Welcome listeners to another heartwarming episode, I’m excited to continue highlighting the Top 3% high-achieving agents from our UPP circle, who have also graced the cover of Rough Notes magazine. Today, we have a truly inspiring story to share with you featuring Susan Shaw, the dynamic force behind Shaw Insurance Agency. Susan, along with her fam…
…
continue reading
I'm a crazy car guy so don't take this the wrong way. I love it when the wheels on a car are perfectly matched to the car; however, custom wheels on a car have got to be one of the most financially crazy things I see everywhere. There is no such thing as investing in good or great wheels for your car or truck. No matter what you pay for your fancy …
…
continue reading
1
PPR 259 DIY Fail Inherited Property Mistake
8:38
8:38
Putar nanti
Putar nanti
Daftar
Suka
Menyukai
8:38
As a Paralegal and a Certified Financial Planner®, Kraig is uniquely able to assist clients with the careful preparation of asset protection and estate plans. Kraig's team uses a financial-planning approach to ensure that each client obtains the best possible outcomes. With 120 years of combined legal and financial services experience between our t…
…
continue reading
AT THE END OF A RECENT CALL WITH ONE OF MY CLIENTS, I ASKED IF THERE WAS ANYTHING ON THEIR MIND. THEY SAID, "FUNNY YOU SHOULD ASK, WE WERE WONDERING IF YOU WOULD BE WILLING TO WORK WITH OUR SON" FULL DETAILS ARE IMPORTANT. THEIR SON HAD DONE A GREAT JOB AND SAVED UP OVER $250,000 BY AGE 30. HE HAS A GREAT JOB BUT HIS BIGGEST DESIRE IS TO GET INTO T…
…
continue reading
Podcast Listener Jimmie writes in with a question about paying cash for a car versus financing. Jimmie thought that paying cash was the best way to buy things. When you consider that the purchase is only one part of the overall equation, it is clear that cash is not king in this case. Thanks to the death of private pensions, the devaluation of Soci…
…
continue reading
Thanks to the death of private pensions, the devaluation of Social Security benefits and other undeniable retirement factors such as inflation and increased taxes, America is now in a retirement income crisis. Kraig Strom, the host of Personal Pension Radio, is focused on helping you pack your bags for both halves of the retirement journey. Kraig's…
…
continue reading
1
#45/2024 - US Election | Money To Be Made & Lost
20:42
20:42
Putar nanti
Putar nanti
Daftar
Suka
Menyukai
20:42
US election is coming up and that will make for a volatile week. After election the question is what will happen next and where should money be placed? Jim tries to answer some of these question alongside a general market update in this week's "Trading Tips With Jim".
…
continue reading
Thanks to the death of private pensions, the devaluation of Social Security benefits and other undeniable retirement factors such as inflation and increased taxes, America is now in a retirement income crisis. Kraig Strom, the host of Personal Pension Radio, is focused on helping you pack your bags for both halves of the retirement journey. Kraig's…
…
continue reading
The quest for lifestyle deflation continues - Check out my Deal O The Week Double Header. Thanks to the death of private pensions, the devaluation of Social Security benefits and other undeniable retirement factors such as inflation and increased taxes, America is now in a retirement income crisis. Kraig Strom, the host of Personal Pension Radio, i…
…
continue reading
1
PPR 261 DOW SAVING BIG ON INVESTMENT FEES
13:14
13:14
Putar nanti
Putar nanti
Daftar
Suka
Menyukai
13:14
Thanks to the death of private pensions, the devaluation of Social Security benefits and other undeniable retirement factors such as inflation and increased taxes, America is now in a retirement income crisis. Kraig Strom, the host of Personal Pension Radio, is focused on helping you pack your bags for both halves of the retirement journey. Kraig's…
…
continue reading
I'm a big beleiver in permanent life insurance and I disagree with financial entertainers who say that all cash value based life insurance is bad in all situations. That's why it pains me when I read stories like the one I share in this episode. Stories where an insurance company clearly overstepped the boundries of what's ethical in my opionion. W…
…
continue reading
Thanks to the death of private pensions, the devaluation of Social Security benefits and other undeniable retirement factors such as inflation and increased taxes, America is now in a retirement income crisis. Kraig Strom, the host of Personal Pension Radio, is focused on helping you pack your bags for both halves of the retirement journey. Kraig's…
…
continue reading
Success can often distract us from the things that Steven Covey described as important but not urgent in his time management matrix. For some, succss leads to complacency and a tendancy to ignore things that are extremely important. Thanks to the death of private pensions, the devaluation of Social Security benefits and other undeniable retirement …
…
continue reading
1
PPR 262 THE WHOLE TRUTH ABOUT WHOLE LIFE INSURANCE
19:21
19:21
Putar nanti
Putar nanti
Daftar
Suka
Menyukai
19:21
Thanks to the death of private pensions, the devaluation of Social Security benefits and other undeniable retirement factors such as inflation and increased taxes, America is now in a retirement income crisis. Kraig Strom, the host of Personal Pension Radio, is focused on helping you pack your bags for both halves of the retirement journey. Kraig's…
…
continue reading
1
#44/2024 - MSFT, AAPL, GOGL, SNAP, SNAP, META.... | The week of quarter results
28:50
28:50
Putar nanti
Putar nanti
Daftar
Suka
Menyukai
28:50
The major week of quarter results is here and this should make for a very volatile week with strong movements also intraday. This week companies like Meta, Apple, Snap, Google, Microsoft, Pfizer, RobinHood, Starbux, AMD, McDonalds, Visa & Intel will all deliver quarter results. On top of this the week will hold JOLTS number on Tuesday, GDP numbers …
…
continue reading
1
PPR 262 WYS FOUR PERCENT RULE REALITY CHECK
10:58
10:58
Putar nanti
Putar nanti
Daftar
Suka
Menyukai
10:58
Thanks to the death of private pensions, the devaluation of Social Security benefits and other undeniable retirement factors such as inflation and increased taxes, America is now in a retirement income crisis. Kraig Strom, the host of Personal Pension Radio, is focused on helping you pack your bags for both halves of the retirement journey. Kraig's…
…
continue reading
Thanks to the death of private pensions, the devaluation of Social Security benefits and other undeniable retirement factors such as inflation and increased taxes, America is now in a retirement income crisis. Kraig Strom, the host of Personal Pension Radio, is focused on helping you pack your bags for both halves of the retirement journey. Kraig's…
…
continue reading
1
Episode 279: Never Give Up. Never Quit with Travis Mills
44:11
44:11
Putar nanti
Putar nanti
Daftar
Suka
Menyukai
44:11
“You can’t always control your situation, but you can always control your attitude.” These powerful words from our guest, Travis Mills. In this episode, we delve into the remarkable journey of Travis, a retired U.S. Army Staff Sergeant from the 82nd Airborne, and one of the very few quadruple amputees to survive his injuries in combat. Travis takes…
…
continue reading
Survivorship requirements are intended to come play in the event of the simultaneous or nearly simultaneous death of an estate plan maker and a primary beneficiary. But what happens if the major beneficiary dies at the same time or nearly the same time as the person who created the will or living trust? Thanks to the death of private pensions, the …
…
continue reading
1
PPR 263 KRAIG'S TOP 5 RULES FOR RETIREMENT
17:55
17:55
Putar nanti
Putar nanti
Daftar
Suka
Menyukai
17:55
Do a Google search for Rules for Retirement or best retirement advice and you will receive a billion options. OK, maybe not a billion but the amount of information available can be overwhelming. This is my take on the Top 5 Rules for retirement. Thanks to the death of private pensions, the devaluation of Social Security benefits and other undeniabl…
…
continue reading
1
PPR 263 DEAL O THE WEEK - COOL OIL CHANGE
8:37
8:37
Putar nanti
Putar nanti
Daftar
Suka
Menyukai
8:37
Retirement income planning does not happen with a single product or so called "magic bullet". Maximum retirement income requires a strategy that incorporates all aspects of your financial life. Your personal spending habits can have a major impact on your ability to save money. Thanks to the death of private pensions, the devaluation of Social Secu…
…
continue reading
1
PPR 263 SPECIAL NEEDS & CHILDRENS TRUSTS
5:47
5:47
Putar nanti
Putar nanti
Daftar
Suka
Menyukai
5:47
No estate plan - don't worry. The government has a plan for minor children and adult family members with special needs who are not able to manage their own affairs. In addition to the potential for an unfortunate trip into the court system, minor children and special needs beneficiaries may become vulnerable to creditors and those seeking to get th…
…
continue reading
1
PPR 263 WYS - What the BLEEP is happening on Wall Street?
6:47
6:47
Putar nanti
Putar nanti
Daftar
Suka
Menyukai
6:47
Despite the 2020 pandemic, Wall Street continues to hit historic highs. Some say that the investment markets are at the top and the bubble is about to burst. Others say that the markets still have another year of growth before the bear market kicks into decline. Who's right? Thanks to the death of private pensions, the devaluation of Social Securit…
…
continue reading
1
#43/2024 - Tesla Quarter Results | New Trading Tool
28:50
28:50
Putar nanti
Putar nanti
Daftar
Suka
Menyukai
28:50
This week's main event will be Tesla's quarter results on Wednesday. Tesla is not alone as the week it pack with big companies like Boeing, GM, Coca Cola and 3M. The buy signals are starting to get high, but can it go higher? In this week's podcast we get a first look into a new trading tool Jim is developing to help you better time your intraday t…
…
continue reading
As a Paralegal and a Certified Financial Planner®, Kraig is uniquely able to assist clients with the careful preparation of asset protection and estate plans. Kraig's team uses a financial-planning approach to ensure that each client obtains the best possible outcomes. With 120 years of combined legal and financial services experience between our t…
…
continue reading
We have all heard the saying "home is where the heart is" but that's not really true. Home is where the equity is. All of your hard earned equity is essentially cash inside the walls of your house and , depending on the state you live in, that cash equity may be vulnerable to creditor attack. DISCLAIMER: Kraig Strom is not an attorney or a certifie…
…
continue reading
1
PPR 266 LIFE INSURANCE MISTAKES TO AVOID
14:26
14:26
Putar nanti
Putar nanti
Daftar
Suka
Menyukai
14:26
Thanks to the death of private pensions, the devaluation of Social Security benefits and other undeniable retirement factors such as inflation and increased taxes, America is now in a retirement income crisis. Kraig Strom, the host of Personal Pension Radio, is focused on helping you pack your bags for both halves of the retirement journey. Kraig's…
…
continue reading
1
PPR 266 ECONOMICS OF RETIREMENT INCOME
10:18
10:18
Putar nanti
Putar nanti
Daftar
Suka
Menyukai
10:18
Maximum Retirement income does not happen with a product. Investments, annuities, real estate, life insurance, or crypto by themselves will not get you to your maximum retirement income number. It requires a thorough understanding of the economics related to retirement income vs accumulation. Optimizing retirement income doesn't happen with a produ…
…
continue reading
1
PPR 268 WYS THE RELATIVE RISK OF RISK
10:04
10:04
Putar nanti
Putar nanti
Daftar
Suka
Menyukai
10:04
As a Paralegal and a Certified Financial Planner®, Kraig is uniquely able to assist clients with the careful preparation of asset protection and estate plans. Kraig's team uses a financial-planning approach to ensure that each client obtains the best possible outcomes. With 120 years of combined legal and financial services experience between our t…
…
continue reading
As a Paralegal and a Certified Financial Planner®, Kraig is uniquely able to assist clients with the careful preparation of asset protection and estate plans. Kraig's team uses a financial-planning approach to ensure that each client obtains the best possible outcomes. With 120 years of combined legal and financial services experience between our t…
…
continue reading
1
PPR 268 BACKDOOR MEGA JURASIC ROTH IRA
11:18
11:18
Putar nanti
Putar nanti
Daftar
Suka
Menyukai
11:18
As a Paralegal and a Certified Financial Planner®, Kraig is uniquely able to assist clients with the careful preparation of asset protection and estate plans. Kraig's team uses a financial-planning approach to ensure that each client obtains the best possible outcomes. With 120 years of combined legal and financial services experience between our t…
…
continue reading
Can Thursday's Netflix quarter numbers support the long upturn in the stock so far this year? Will inflation again move upwards and make shame of the promised interest cuts? Is there a possible Black Swan event that can trigger a major fall in the markets? This and more in this week's Trading Tips With Jim Tune in!…
…
continue reading
1
PPR 269 WYS IS THE STOCK MARKET ABOUT TO CRASH
8:36
8:36
Putar nanti
Putar nanti
Daftar
Suka
Menyukai
8:36
As a Paralegal and a Certified Financial Planner®, Kraig is uniquely able to assist clients with the careful preparation of asset protection and estate plans. Kraig's team uses a financial-planning approach to ensure that each client obtains the best possible outcomes. With 120 years of combined legal and financial services experience between our t…
…
continue reading
1
PPR 269 DOW COVID-19 ECONOMIC RIPPLE EFFECT
14:52
14:52
Putar nanti
Putar nanti
Daftar
Suka
Menyukai
14:52
As a Paralegal and a Certified Financial Planner®, Kraig is uniquely able to assist clients with the careful preparation of asset protection and estate plans. Kraig's team uses a financial-planning approach to ensure that each client obtains the best possible outcomes. With 120 years of combined legal and financial services experience between our t…
…
continue reading
1
Episode 278: The Positive Opportunity with David Brush and Nancy Mendizabal
32:31
32:31
Putar nanti
Putar nanti
Daftar
Suka
Menyukai
32:31
In this episode, I’m excited to continue highlighting the Top 3% high-achieving agents from our UPP circle, who have also graced the cover of Rough Notes magazine. Today, I’m joined by Nancy Mendizabal and David Brush, the dynamic sibling duo behind Apple Valley Agency. We dive deep into the power of positive thinking and the immense growth opportu…
…
continue reading
1
PPR 269 Cash Value Life Insurance Reality Check Re-UP
8:19
8:19
Putar nanti
Putar nanti
Daftar
Suka
Menyukai
8:19
As a Paralegal and a Certified Financial Planner®, Kraig is uniquely able to assist clients with the careful preparation of asset protection and estate plans. Kraig's team uses a financial-planning approach to ensure that each client obtains the best possible outcomes. With 120 years of combined legal and financial services experience between our t…
…
continue reading
As a Paralegal and a Certified Financial Planner®, Kraig is uniquely able to assist clients with the careful preparation of asset protection and estate plans. Kraig's team uses a financial-planning approach to ensure that each client obtains the best possible outcomes. With 120 years of combined legal and financial services experience between our t…
…
continue reading
As a Paralegal and a Certified Financial Planner®, Kraig is uniquely able to assist clients with the careful preparation of asset protection and estate plans. Kraig's team uses a financial-planning approach to ensure that each client obtains the best possible outcomes. With 120 years of combined legal and financial services experience between our t…
…
continue reading
1
PPR 270 WPTV WHAT GOES IN MY LIVING TRUST
8:22
8:22
Putar nanti
Putar nanti
Daftar
Suka
Menyukai
8:22
As a Paralegal and a Certified Financial Planner®, Kraig is uniquely able to assist clients with the careful preparation of asset protection and estate plans. Kraig's team uses a financial-planning approach to ensure that each client obtains the best possible outcomes. With 120 years of combined legal and financial services experience between our t…
…
continue reading