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3. De Pénélope tissant sa toile à l’enzyme qui efface le temps

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Manage episode 313679956 series 3281125
Konten disediakan oleh Yves Muller. Semua konten podcast termasuk episode, grafik, dan deskripsi podcast diunggah dan disediakan langsung oleh Yves Muller atau mitra platform podcast mereka. Jika Anda yakin seseorang menggunakan karya berhak cipta Anda tanpa izin, Anda dapat mengikuti proses yang dijelaskan di sini https://id.player.fm/legal.

Cette 3ème chronique démarre avec un récit de la mythologie grecque présent dans le poème « L’Odyssée » écrit par le poète Homère. Ce récit nous raconte comment la fidèle Pénélope parvient à repousser ses prétendants en attendant durant 20 ans le retour de son mari Ulysse. Elle a promis à ses soupirants de choisir l’un d’entre eux le jour où elle finira de tisser le linceul destiné au père d’Ulysse. Mais elle va défaire chaque nuit la toile qu’elle tisse le jour, parvenant par ce subterfuge à suspendre le temps. Puis cette chronique se poursuit par une étonnante histoire scientifique qui va nous conduire à la découverte d’une enzyme appelée la télomérase. Cette enzyme reconstruit dans certaines de nos cellules les parties terminales de nos chromosomes appelées les télomères, et que les générations cellulaires successives tendent normalement à raccourcir. Et nous verrons que la télomérase, comme Pénélope, permet de suspendre le temps.

Auteur : Yves Muller – Professeur Agrégé de classe exceptionnelle - Docteur en Neurosciences - Université de Montpellier

3. Biological Chronicles - From Penelope weaving her shroud to the enzyme that erases time

Our chronicle begins with an account of Greek mythology from "The Odyssey" written by the poet Homer. This story tells us how the faithful Penelope manages to hold off her suitors for twenty years while awaiting the return of her husband Ulysses. She promises her suitors that she will make her choice the day she finishes weaving the shroud for Ulysses' father. But each night she undoes the canvas woven during the day, thus managing to suspend time. Our chronicle continues with an astonishing scientific story which leads us to the discovery of an enzyme called telomerase. In certain cells, this enzyme rebuilds the terminal parts of our chromosomes called telomeres, which successive cell generations normally tend to shorten. And we will see that telomerase, like Penelope, makes it possible to suspend time.

Références :

- Baker D, Childs B, Durik M, et coll. Naturally occurring p16(Ink4a)-positive cells shorten healthy lifespan. Nature 2016, 530:184-9.

- Dilley R, Verma P, Cho N, et coll. Break-induced telomere synthesis underlies alternative telomere maintenance. Nature 2016, 539:54-8.

- Blackburn E, Epel E, Lin J. Human telomere biology: A contributory and interactive factor in aging, disease risks, and protection. Science 2015, 350:1193-8.

- Van Deursen J. The role of senescent cells in ageing. Nature 2014, 509:439-46.

- Olovnikov A. Telomeres, telomerase, and aging: origin of the theory. Experimental Gerontology 1996, 31:443-8.

- Yu G, Bradley J, Attardi L, Blackburn E. In vivo alteration of telomere sequences and senescence caused by mutated Tetrahymena telomerase RNAs. Nature 1990, 344:126‐32.

- Lundblad V, Szostak J. A mutant with a defect in telomere elongation leads to senescence in yeast. Cell 1989, 57:633‐43.

- Greider C, Blackburn E. A telomeric sequence in the RNA of Tetrahymena telomerase required for telomere repeat synthesis. Nature 1989, 337:331‐7.

- Greider C, Blackburn E. The telomere terminal transferase of Tetrahymena is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme with two kinds of primer specificity. Cell1987, 51:887‐98.

- Greider C, Blackburn E. Identification of a specific telomere terminal transferase activity in Tetrahymena extracts. Cell 1985, 43:405‐13.

- Szostak J, Blackburn E. Cloning yeast telomeres on linear plasmid vectors. Cell1982, 29:245‐55.

- Olovnikov A. A theory of marginotomy. Journal of Theoretical Biology 1973, 41:181-90.

- Hayflick L, Moorhead P. The serial cultivation of human diploid cell strains. Experimental Cell Research 1961, 25:585-621.

  continue reading

22 episode

Artwork
iconBagikan
 
Manage episode 313679956 series 3281125
Konten disediakan oleh Yves Muller. Semua konten podcast termasuk episode, grafik, dan deskripsi podcast diunggah dan disediakan langsung oleh Yves Muller atau mitra platform podcast mereka. Jika Anda yakin seseorang menggunakan karya berhak cipta Anda tanpa izin, Anda dapat mengikuti proses yang dijelaskan di sini https://id.player.fm/legal.

Cette 3ème chronique démarre avec un récit de la mythologie grecque présent dans le poème « L’Odyssée » écrit par le poète Homère. Ce récit nous raconte comment la fidèle Pénélope parvient à repousser ses prétendants en attendant durant 20 ans le retour de son mari Ulysse. Elle a promis à ses soupirants de choisir l’un d’entre eux le jour où elle finira de tisser le linceul destiné au père d’Ulysse. Mais elle va défaire chaque nuit la toile qu’elle tisse le jour, parvenant par ce subterfuge à suspendre le temps. Puis cette chronique se poursuit par une étonnante histoire scientifique qui va nous conduire à la découverte d’une enzyme appelée la télomérase. Cette enzyme reconstruit dans certaines de nos cellules les parties terminales de nos chromosomes appelées les télomères, et que les générations cellulaires successives tendent normalement à raccourcir. Et nous verrons que la télomérase, comme Pénélope, permet de suspendre le temps.

Auteur : Yves Muller – Professeur Agrégé de classe exceptionnelle - Docteur en Neurosciences - Université de Montpellier

3. Biological Chronicles - From Penelope weaving her shroud to the enzyme that erases time

Our chronicle begins with an account of Greek mythology from "The Odyssey" written by the poet Homer. This story tells us how the faithful Penelope manages to hold off her suitors for twenty years while awaiting the return of her husband Ulysses. She promises her suitors that she will make her choice the day she finishes weaving the shroud for Ulysses' father. But each night she undoes the canvas woven during the day, thus managing to suspend time. Our chronicle continues with an astonishing scientific story which leads us to the discovery of an enzyme called telomerase. In certain cells, this enzyme rebuilds the terminal parts of our chromosomes called telomeres, which successive cell generations normally tend to shorten. And we will see that telomerase, like Penelope, makes it possible to suspend time.

Références :

- Baker D, Childs B, Durik M, et coll. Naturally occurring p16(Ink4a)-positive cells shorten healthy lifespan. Nature 2016, 530:184-9.

- Dilley R, Verma P, Cho N, et coll. Break-induced telomere synthesis underlies alternative telomere maintenance. Nature 2016, 539:54-8.

- Blackburn E, Epel E, Lin J. Human telomere biology: A contributory and interactive factor in aging, disease risks, and protection. Science 2015, 350:1193-8.

- Van Deursen J. The role of senescent cells in ageing. Nature 2014, 509:439-46.

- Olovnikov A. Telomeres, telomerase, and aging: origin of the theory. Experimental Gerontology 1996, 31:443-8.

- Yu G, Bradley J, Attardi L, Blackburn E. In vivo alteration of telomere sequences and senescence caused by mutated Tetrahymena telomerase RNAs. Nature 1990, 344:126‐32.

- Lundblad V, Szostak J. A mutant with a defect in telomere elongation leads to senescence in yeast. Cell 1989, 57:633‐43.

- Greider C, Blackburn E. A telomeric sequence in the RNA of Tetrahymena telomerase required for telomere repeat synthesis. Nature 1989, 337:331‐7.

- Greider C, Blackburn E. The telomere terminal transferase of Tetrahymena is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme with two kinds of primer specificity. Cell1987, 51:887‐98.

- Greider C, Blackburn E. Identification of a specific telomere terminal transferase activity in Tetrahymena extracts. Cell 1985, 43:405‐13.

- Szostak J, Blackburn E. Cloning yeast telomeres on linear plasmid vectors. Cell1982, 29:245‐55.

- Olovnikov A. A theory of marginotomy. Journal of Theoretical Biology 1973, 41:181-90.

- Hayflick L, Moorhead P. The serial cultivation of human diploid cell strains. Experimental Cell Research 1961, 25:585-621.

  continue reading

22 episode

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